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三十年前的4月26日世界上发生了一次重大事故，虽然这次事故当时没有直接造成非常重大的伤亡，但是在事故发生后的几十年内持续导致数以万计的人患病去世。

它让人类重新认识了核能的威力以及操作不当带来的巨大危害。但是不管人类面对什么样的灾难，死亡以什么形式出现，总是有勇敢的人奋不顾身，用血肉堵住死神的血盆大口，直到生命之火黯然熄灭。

《斯密说》周末特辑，纪念切尔诺贝利核电站事故中的所有救援人员，带你走进那段埋没在灰烬里的历史。


“ I wish the entire world always stay in peace, no accidents like that ever happen again, no more bloodshed, no more hard feelings.”
我希望世界一直和平安全下去，这种可以避免的事故永远不要再发生, 不要再有鲜血，不要再有悲伤。

Have you ever heard of world famous apocalyptic adventure game Fallout and Metro series? They actually take the story from what we are going to talk about today. What exactly happened in Ukraine on April 26th , thirty years ago? I'd like to bring the worst nuclear power plant accident in the history of men back to you, the Chernobyl Disaster.

大家有没有听说过非常有名的末日冒险游戏《辐射》跟《地铁》系列？两款世界闻名的游戏取材与我们今天聊的这个历史事件。究竟在30年前的4月26日，乌克兰发生了什么？《斯密说》特辑，纪念人类历史上最严重的核电站爆炸事故——切尔诺贝利事故。

At 1:23 a.m. on April 26th, 1986, reactor four at the nuclear power plant near Chernobyl, Ukraine exploded, releasing more than a hundred times the radiation of the bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Thirty-one people died shortly after the explosion and thousands more are expected to die from the long-term effects of radiation. The Chernobyl nuclear disaster dramatically changed the world's opinion about using nuclear reaction for power, it was the worst nuclear power plant accident in history, and one of only two classified as a level 7 event (the maximum classification) on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in Japan in 2011.

1986年4月26日凌晨1时23分，乌克兰的切尔诺贝利核电站4号反应堆爆炸。这次爆炸释放了相当于广岛长崎***爆炸100倍的辐射量。31人在事故发生没多久就去世，成千上万人在受到辐射之后相继死亡。
切尔诺贝利核电站事故戏剧性地改写了人们对用核发电的看法，它也是人类历史上最严重的核电站事故，与2011日本福岛核电站事故并列为“7级核事故”（最高级别）。

Routine Maintenance and a Test on Reactor Four 四号反应堆的例行维护检测
On April 25, 1986, reactor four was going to be shut down for some routine maintenance. During the shutdown, technicians were also going to run a test. The test was to determine whether, in case of a power outage, the turbines could produce enough energy to keep the cooling system running until the backup generators came online.
1986年4月25日，四号反应堆即将关闭例行维护。停机期间，工程师们还要进行一些测试。测试的内容是在电力中断后，涡轮能否在备用发电机启动前持续保持冷却系统的正常运行。

To get accurate results from the test, the operators turned off several of the safety systems, which turned out to be a disastrous decision. Just after 1 a.m. on April 26th, 1986, the reactor's power dropped suddenly, causing a potentially dangerous situation. The operators tried to compensate for the low power but the reactor went out of control. If the safety systems had remained on, they would have fixed the problem; however, they were not. The reactor exploded at 1:23 a.m.
为了让测试结果更加准确，工程师犯了一个致命的错误：关闭了反应堆安全系统。26日凌晨1点刚过，反应堆电力突然下降，这种情况可能会导致事故，工程师们急忙采取应急措施，遗憾的是由于安全系统的关闭，局势很快失去控制。1点23分4号反应堆爆炸。

The world discovered the accident two days later, on April 28th, when operators of the Swedish Forsmark nuclear power plant in Stockholm registered unusually high radiation levels near their plant. When other plants around Europe began to register similar high radiation readings, they contacted the Soviet Union to find out what had happened. The Soviets denied any knowledge about a nuclear disaster until 9 p.m. on April 28th, when they announced to the world that one of their reactors had been "damaged."
到两天后的28号，整个世界才知道这次事故。先是瑞典斯德哥尔摩附近的富士马克核电站记录到附近有很高辐射水平，后来欧洲其他核电站相机记录到这个辐射水平后，他们开始询问苏联人到底发生了什么。28日晚上9点苏联当局才想世界宣称他们的核电站“出现损坏”。

Death Toll From the Chernobyl Disaster 切尔诺贝利灾难伤亡人数
It is estimated that the radiation from the Chernobyl disaster was 100 times more powerful than the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In the aftermath of the accident, 237 people suffered from acute radiation sickness (ARS), 31 of them died within the first three months. The death toll didn't stop to grow, sixty to eighty thousand people died within the following 15 years, and more than one hundred and thirty four thousand people were suffering from various levels of radiation sickness.
据估算，切尔诺贝利事故释放的辐射量是广岛长崎***辐射的一百倍。在这次事故结束不久就有237人出现不同程度急性辐射病症状，其中31人三个月内就相继去世。死亡人数继续增长，事故后的15年内6到8万人相继死亡，134万人在收到辐射带来的各种病痛折磨。

Among the first 31 casualties, most of the victims were fire and rescue workers trying to bring the accident under control. According to some among the first group of rescuers entering the site of accident, they were not fully aware of how dangerous the exposure to radiation in the smoke was. And even the “liquidators” who later joined the rescue operation only had protection of a lead plate several millimeters thick. Many of them died within 10 years after the accident, and there are only a few people survived by now. To me they are real heroes.
最开始的31个去世的人里，大多数都是立即做出反应的消防员与救援人员。根据其中一些人员描述，他们当时并不知道是“反应堆炸了”这种事，也对暴露在高强度辐射粉尘中的危害知之甚少。即便后来著名的“清算者”队伍来了之后，在清理事故现场时他们的防护措施也非常简陋：只有一些几毫米厚的铅板。他们中的很多人在事故后的十年内都相继去世，到现在幸存的救援人员已经寥寥无几，他们才是真正的无名英雄！

In my personal opinion, this disaster may not be as terrible as earthquakes and tsunamis on the perspective of casualties, but there is absolutely no survivors in a nuclear accident. Radiation harms all creatures, no matter how far away you run, no matter how much time passes, it's still there，inside your body devouring life, and you won't be able to know how bad it harms you before too late. I wish the entire world always stay in peace, no accidents like that ever happen again, no more bloodshed, no more hard feelings.

对我来说可能这次事故光从遇难人数上看比不上地震，比不上海啸，但是核电站事故里面是没有幸存者的。因为并不是当时没死掉就是幸存者了，辐射无处不在，对人的慢性摧残非常可怕，甚至你都不知道自己会受多大的影响。我希望世界一直和平安全下去，这种可以避免的事故永远不要再发生, 不要再有鲜血，不要再有悲伤。

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