• Scofield2015     “问题疫苗”震惊全国,关于疫苗的双语科普

    • Just for Fun

    • 片段讲解秀

    • from:《蒙娜丽莎的微笑》

    ---选自《2016-03-23英语世界》

    这两天,一批“问题疫苗”的曝光,让全国人民震惊了,家长们都惶惶不安。

    连李克强总理都发话了:

    国务院总理李克强对非法经营疫苗系列案件作出重要批示,指出要彻查“问题疫苗”的流向和使用情况,及时回应社会关切,依法严厉打击违法犯罪行为,对相关失职渎职行为严肃问责,绝不姑息。我们第一时间了解整个事件,并科普一些疫苗相关常识。

    事件回顾

    山东警方上月披露了价值5.7亿元的“问题疫苗”(problematic vaccine),大量未经冷藏的(improper refrigerated )疫苗类产品流入全国24个省份。

    这些疫苗及生物制品虽为正规厂家生产(produced by licensed manufacturers),但由于未按照国家相关法律规定运输、保存(not transported and stored properly in approved condition),已难以保证品质和使用效果。

    目前,山东警方已经曝光了25种问题疫苗,及相关涉案企业。

    最新进展

    ➤Police in Shandong province have detained 37 suspects implicated in the vaccine scandal.
    山东警方已控制了涉疫苗案件的37名嫌疑人。

    ➤The Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP) on Tuesday announced it will directly oversee the "problematic vaccine" case, and urged prosecuting bodies at all levels to spare no efforts in their investigation.
    最高人民检察院22日下发通知表示,最高检将直接督办“问题疫苗”案,要求各级检察机关全力调查此案。

    涉事疫苗属二类疫苗

    目前,我国将疫苗分为两类,也就是一类和二类疫苗。
    A central government regulation on vaccine distribution and vaccination divided the country's approved vaccines into two categories.

    ➤第一类疫苗,是指政府免费向公民提供,公民应当依照政府的规定受种的疫苗(residents are required to be vaccinated and there is no charge)。目前,这类疫苗以儿童常规免疫疫苗为主,包括乙肝疫苗、卡介苗、脊灰减毒活疫苗、百白破疫苗等等。

    ➤第二类疫苗,是指由公民自费并且自愿受种的其他疫苗(the vaccines are not free and residents can choose whether they want to be inoculated)。比如水痘疫苗、流感疫苗、b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗、轮状病毒疫苗等等。



    此次山东警方通报的这起疫苗案件中,涉事的就属于二类疫苗(the vaccines confiscated in the case fall under the second category)。

    问题疫苗最大的问题是“可能失效”(expired),也就是可能不能为接种者建立有效的免疫屏障(build an effective immune barrier)。

    22日,世界卫生组织也发声明称,不正确储存或过期的疫苗(improperly stored or expired vaccines)几乎不会引起毒性反应(toxic reaction),因此在本事件中,疫苗安全风险较低。

    简单易懂的疫苗科普

    ▌什么是疫苗?

    ❶ A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease.
    疫苗是一种生物制备,用于提高身体对某种疾病的免疫力。

    vaccine ['væksi:n]:疫苗
    preparation: 制备;特别配制成的药物
    immunity [i'mju:nəti] :免疫力

    ❷ Traditional vaccines contain microbes that have been killed or weakened so that they don't cause disease.
    传统疫苗包含了病原菌,这些病菌已被灭活或人工减毒,不具备引发疾病的能力。

    microbe ['maikrəub]:细菌

    ❸ The administration of vaccines is called vaccination.
    接种疫苗的过程叫做vaccination [,væksi'neiʃən]。

    ❹ When an individual is vaccinated against a disease or an infection his or her immune system is prepared to fight the infection.
    当一个人接种了某种疾病或传染病的疫苗,其免疫系统就做好了抵抗这种病的准备。

    vaccinate ['væksineit]:动词,接种疫苗
    immune system:免疫系统

    ▌疫苗是怎么工作的?

    ❶ When a person is inoculated with these preparations, the immune system confronts these harmless versions of the germs. The immune system quickly clears them from the body.
    当一个人接种了这种制备,免疫系统就接触到了这些无伤害力的病菌。免疫系统会立刻把它们从体内清除。

    inoculated [i'nɔkjuleit]:接种

    ❷ In turn the body remembers the germs so that later in life when it encounters the real live virulent germs it may be able to fight it off with the retained memory against the particular germ.
    然后身体就记住了这些病菌,将来在遇到真正有毒的病原菌时,就会依循其原有的记忆,来抵抗消灭病原菌。

    ❸ Before vaccines, the only way to become immune to a disease was to actually get it and, with luck, survive it.
    在有疫苗之前,人们能够对某种疾病免疫的唯一方法就是真正得一场病,并且如果幸运的话,活下来。

    immune to:对……免疫

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