-----选自《2016-02-28 英语世界》


发展中的中国和中国外交
A Changing China and Its Diplomacy

——王毅外长在美国战略与国际问题研究中心的演讲
Speech by Foreign Minister Wang Yi at the Center for Strategic and International Studies

2016年2月25日
February 25, 2016

很高兴有机会与各位专家学者进行交流。我今天演讲的题目是“发展中的中国和中国外交”。
Good morning. I appreciate the opportunity to come to the best think tank, and to tell you about China and China’s diplomacy.

中国最大的发展变化就是改革开放以来保持了30多年的两位数增长，在世界上创造了“中国奇迹”。我们不仅成为了世界第二大经济体，还让6亿多人口成功脱贫，成为实现联合国千年发展目标的最佳实践。
I want to talk about a changing China and its diplomacy. Talking about change and development in China, the biggest there is that for over 30 years we have registered double-digit growth in our economy. And that’s a miracle for the world to see. We have now become the second-largest economy in the world, and we have lifted over 600 million people out of poverty. This is the biggest achievement in accomplishing the Millennium Development Goals.

同时我们非常清醒地意识到，以往的发展模式已经不能持续。无论是从中国人民的长远利益出发，还是从世界的可持续发展考虑，都必须转变我们的发展模式。所以中国毅然决然地做出了决定，那就是以壮士断腕的决心推进结构性改革，走出一条节能、环保、绿色、循环和可持续的发展新路。
On the other hand, we realize the old development model is no longer sustainable. For the sake of the world of our posterity, we must change our development model. So we took a decisive decision, without any hesitation, to press ahead with structural reform, despite all the pains and sacrifices. And we want to take a circular, green, sustainable path of development.

我要告诉各位的是，我们已经取得了明显进展。去年，中国第三产业的比重已经超过了50%，环境污染正在得到有效管控。消费对经济增长的拉动快速上升，去年消费对中国经济增长的贡献率已经达到66%。也就是说，在投资、出口和消费三驾马车当中，消费第一次成为最重要的动力。这是一个健康和可持续的变化趋势。
And let me say to you all that we have already made visible progress. Last year, the tertiary industry accounted for over half of our economy, and environmental degradation has been kept under control. Most notably, consumer spending is contributing to a larger and larger share of the economy. The figure last year was 66 percent. In other words, you have the three drivers of growth, investment, export and consumption, and for the first time consumption has emerged as the biggest driver of the economy. This is a more healthy and sustainable pattern of growth.

当然，由于我们不再依靠大规模投资，经济增长速度有所下降。但尽管如此，我们去年仍然在10万亿美元的巨大基数上实现了6.9%的中高速增长，这其中增长的每个百分点都相当于10年前的2.6个百分点。中国，仍是全球最重要的发展引擎。
Of course, in the absence of large-scale investment, the GDP growth rate might moderate a little bit. Yet, we’re now talking about a 10 trillion U.S. dollar economy, and last year we achieved 6.9 percent growth. Every percentage of growth last year was equivalent to 2.6 percentage points of growth a decade ago. So China continues to be the important engine for the world economy.

最近一段时间，中国经济确实面临一些下行压力，这与国际经济环境的变化密切相关，因为中国已是一个高度开放的经济体。我们听到了一些对中国经济前景的担忧，但我要非常明确地告诉各位，中国经济不会硬着陆，中国开放的大门不会关上，中国改革的步伐不会停止。
Of course, in the recent period, we are against some economic headwinds. This has a lot to do with the global economic environment, because we’re now a very open economy. We hear some concerns about the Chinese economy, but let me make it very clear to the friends here that there will not be economic hard landing in China. China will not close its door of openness, and the reform in China will not come to a stop.

改革和开放是中国实现经济发展奇迹的两大重要法宝，已经成为了我们的基本国策。继续改革，继续开放，是中国全党全国的共识。中国经济将会在更加健康、更有效率的基础上保持长时期的中高速增长，并迈向中高端水平。
We have relied on reform and opening for our past growth, and the entire party and country in China agree that we need to continue with reform and opening. There shouldn’t be any doubt about that. And this year, the economy will be even more healthier and efficient. And we’re looking at mid to high rate of growth for a considerable period of come, and the economy will move to the middle to the higher end of the value chain.

这个自信来自于何处？我并不是经济专家，我在这里只想告诉大家中国经济具有的三个重要优势和潜力。
Where does our confidence come from? I’m no economist, but let me talk about the three key advantages of the Chinese economy.

第一个优势是中国的巨大市场潜力。昨天在美国国会，有几个议员对我说，美方对同中国的贸易不平衡特别重视，我们买了中国太多的东西，中国买得太少。我告诉他们，不要着急，情况一定会变化，因为中国拥有13亿人口，也就是说中国的市场规模是美国的四倍。中国正在从潜在的市场快速成长为现实的市场，这个市场一旦成熟，肯定会从美国和全世界买更多的东西，到那时，就可能变成中国对美国的巨大逆差了。当然，美国需要向中国提供更加物美价廉的商品。
First of all, we have a huge market potential in China. Yesterday afternoon I was up on Capitol Hill, and some members of Congress said to me that the United States has a serious trade imbalance with China; we’re buying too much from China, you are buying too little from us. And I said to him, Mr. Congressman, just wait a little longer and the situation will change, because the Chinese market is potentially four times the size of the American market and it is emerging rapidly to become a real market. It’s a market of 1.3 billion people. It’s going to mature very soon. And when that day comes, China will run a large deficit and we will buy lots of goods from the United States – high-quality and inexpensive goods from this country. And that day is sure to come.

第二个优势是中国城镇化的发展。发达国家的城镇化水平一般在80%以上。但中国目前的城镇化，如果按照户籍人口计算还不到40%。也就是说，我们还有巨大的空间和潜力，还有巨大的城镇化需求有待开发。这里面蕴藏着巨大的商机。
The second key advantage of the Chinese economy is the pace of urbanization. Well, developed economies have an urbanization rate of around or above 80 percent. But when you look at China, the registered urban population is less than 40 percent. In other words, we have enormous potential and room to tap. And herein lies enormous business opportunities.

第三个优势是服务业的扩张。发达国家服务业占经济结构比例一般70%以上。而中国的第三产业才刚刚迈过50%的门槛。也就是说这方面我们也仍然具有巨大发展潜力和空间。
The third key advantage of the Chinese economy is expansion of the service sector. Normally, the service sector would account for over 70 percent in developed economies. And in China, it’s just past the 50 percent mark. So in this area, as well, there is enormous potential.

中国自身的发展一定会持续下去，同时也一定会为包括美国在内的国际社会提供更多机遇。中国和美国一定会成为长期稳定的经贸合作伙伴。
China will surely continue to grow and develop, and we will provide many more business opportunities for the United States and other countries. And China and the United States will surely become long-term economic and trade partners.

接下来，我说说中国的外交。外交是内政的延伸。我们已经制定了“两个百年”的奋斗目标，要团结全国各族人民共同实现民族复兴的中国梦。中国的外交就是要为这个最大的内政来服务，就是要为中国实现发展目标提供更加稳定、良好、友善的外部环境，就是要为助力这个目标的实现营造和开创更多外部资源。
Moving on to China’s diplomacy, diplomacy is the extension of domestic affairs. We have already set out the two centenary goals, and we’re uniting all the people in China in a common effort to realize the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation. And Chinese diplomacy will serve this overriding domestic objective. We want to do all we can to facilitate the accomplishment of our goal, and we want to create a more stable, enabling and friendly external environment for China’s development. We want to harness more external resources for the benefit of China’s development.

大家对中国外交这几年的进展印象深刻，甚至是刮目相看。近三年来，习近平主席就如何在继承基础上进一步拓展中国外交，提出了一系列重要的新思想和新理念。中国外交正在更加积极地维护正当的国家利益，更加积极地承担应尽的国际责任，也更加积极地同世界各国，当然包括美国发展互利共赢的国家关系。
I’m sure you’re all impressed with China’s development in recent years. You have every reason to be. In the last three years, President Xi Jinping built on the good tradition of China’s diplomacy, and articulated a whole series of new ideas and concepts. In our diplomacy, we are more proactive in defending China’s legitimate and lawful national interests. We’re more proactive in shouldering our due international responsibilities and obligations. And we are more proactive in working with other countries, particularly the United States, to pursue win-win interstate relations.

中国外交在当前和今后一段时间主要会做什么？我的说明是，当前和今后一段时间，中国外交要承担起五项重要使命。
At present and in the period to come, what are the main tasks for the Chinese diplomacy? You may have read lots of material and commentary. Well, today I want to give you my understanding and interpretation of it. In my view, China’s diplomacy will have five key tasks.